Written records dating back to AD also refer to Dartmoor ponies being marked and branded. During the Middle Ages, the purebred Dartmoors were commonly used for hauling heavy loads from the mines.
However, in the early 19th century, their numbers decreased after Shetland ponies were included in the breeding stock to produce suitable pit ponies. From early-mid 20th century, the guards at Dartmoor Prison used the ponies for escorting prisoners.
In , the Polo Pony Society started registering the breed while in , a studbook was opened. Both the World Wars caused a decline in their population, consequently hindering their registration process. Some parts of Dartmoor are covered in old forests.
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