The Vikings returned to their ships at Greenwich but took the archbishop there with them and demanded an additional ransom to let him go. He sent orders that the ransom was not to be paid and during a feast his captors got thoroughly drunk and pelted him with ox bones, until one of the Vikings killed him with an axe blow to the head.
The fundamental theme was the reconciliation of Englishman and Dane. Aelfheah was considered a saint and martyr, portrayed in art with an axe. It was said of him if he had done little good he had done no harm. Henry VII summoned him home after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth in and made him archbishop. Compiled the first English Book of Common Prayer.
First Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury. In , his 42 Articles laid down the basis of Anglican Protestantism. Burned at the stake for heresy and treason in opposing Bloody Mary. His feast day is 16th October. Returned from a self imposed exile in Italy following the accession of his Catholic cousin Queen Mary I. He died within a few hours of her in November Presided over the very difficult opening years of the new religious settlement. He had been exiled under Queen Mary I because of his Protestant beliefs and was therefore the obvious choice for the top job in the Church of Elizabeth I.
His defiance of her wishes in however, led to his suspension under house arrest. He failed to recovered favour by the time of his death. A former Cambridge don, he first attracted the attention of Elizabeth I by his strict disciplining of the non-conforming Puritans. Yet another archbishop who annoyed the lady, with the thought that a clergyman should attempt to decide theology for her Church. Was born and initially educated in Farnworth, near modern day Widnes, he graduated from Cambridge and was ordained around He found favour under James I, his reputation as a churchman however was dented when he accidentally killed a gamekeeper whilst out hunting with a crossbow.
His High Church policy, support for Charles I, censorship of the press, and persecution of the Puritans aroused bitter opposition. He was responsible for moving the altar from a its central position to the east end of churches. He was impeached by the Long Parliament in , imprisoned in the Tower of London , condemned to death, and beheaded. A friend of William Laud, he had attended Charles I at his execution in and spent the years until the restoration of Charles II in retirement.
His appointment as archbishop in being a reward for loyal royal service. Another former advisor to Charles I, he attempted to unite the thinking of the Anglican and Presbyterian branches of the Church. He succeeded Sancroft as archbishop, having carried out the duties of the office since when Sancroft had refused to take the oaths that recognised William and Mary as rightful monarchs.
William of Orange Thomas Tenison. He warned about the threat to Anglicanism from a Stuart restoration. In later life he gained a reputation for corruption, appointing members of his family to financially lucrative positions within the Church. Frederick Cornwallis. The first Scotsman to hold the most senior post in the Church of England, he did much to organise the Church throughout the colonies.
His biography was published by his son-in-law, the future archbishop Randall Thomas Davidson. Followed the well worn path from Oxford to Rugby to Canterbury. Born in Edinburgh into a Presbyterian family, he studied at Oxford, and became chaplain to Archbishop Tait his father-in-law and also to Queen Victoria.
He was both counsellor and friend to the royal family. He was an outspoken supporter of social reform in crusades against money lenders, slums and dishonesty. He also followed the now deeply rutted path from Oxford to Repton to Canterbury. Educated at Repton, where his headmaster was the man he would succeed as archbishop — Geoffrey Fisher, he worked for Church unity with an historic visit to the Vatican in He also attempted to forge a reconciliation with the Methodist Church.
He was ordained in and was Bishop of St. Albans for 10 years before being consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury. His office was marked by a papal visit to Canterbury and the war with Argentina, after which he urged reconciliation. Becket, by then transformed into a powerful martyr who would later be canonized, haunted the conscience of the king for the remainder of his life. A fire devastated the cathedral four years later. Until now, historians thought none of the original glass panels that had witnessed the gory scene had survived.
Researchers didn't intend to prove that the glass panes dated back to these troubled times. Rather, they were trying to analyze them without taking physical samples. The method, called portable X-ray fluorescence, fired X-rays at the stained glass, which absorbed electrons. The electrons then radiated that energy back out in different wavelengths. These different wavelengths revealed the chemical fingerprint of the glass. By looking at how the chemical components have changed over time, the researchers were able to figure out the age of the glass.
Given his lifestyle and reputation he was an unlikely candidate but the king had other ideas. Henry was keen to appoint his close friend to the role but, crucially, he wanted him to continue as Chancellor. With Becket in both positions, Henry saw an opportunity to exercise greater authority over the Church as well as the state.
Becket was appointed Archbishop on 23 May and consecrated officially blessed on 3 June. His actions drove a wedge between him and the king which would never be repaired.
A series of disputes ensued regarding the division of power between the Crown and the Church. He refused to accept the terms of his punishment and, fearing further repercussions from the king, he fled to France.
Becket remained in exile in France for six years. During this time Henry flexed his power in England. Becket appealed to the Pope and, under significant pressure, Henry agreed to reopen negotiations. Becket was reassured that it would be safe to return to England. However, his final act was to punish those involved in the unauthorised coronation.
Before leaving France Becket issued three letters expelling excommunicating the Archbishop of York and two bishops from the Church. This act was to have devastating consequences upon his return to England. Becket returned from exile on 1 December Contemporary reports record that he was greeted on his journey back to the Cathedral by cheering crowds and rejoicing monks, but he faced increasing hostility by the authorities loyal to the king.
0コメント